On Tuesday afternoon, we shared the exciting news that Mexico’s Chamber of Deputies (equivalent to House of Representatives) passed a bill to allow for direct ownership of Mexico real estate by non-Mexicans, eliminating the need for ownership by means of a bank trust.
Yesterday, I did some research on the remaining steps. Â While passing the Chamber of Deputies was an important and significant first step, there are still multiple steps in the process.
Background of the Bank Trust
Just as a quick refresher, Mexico’s Constitution (article 27) currently prohibits non-Mexicans from directly owning property within 30 miles of the coast or 60 miles of an international boarder.
To allow foreign ownership of Mexico beachfront properties, Mexico offers ownership by means of a Bank Trust, in which a Mexican bank holds the title of the property, and the owner is listed as the second beneficiary with all rights of full ownership guaranteed.
Proposal for Change Passes the Chamber of Deputies
The reason for the Constitutional restriction on ownership is an outdated protection against foreign invasion or rebellion by foreign land owners.  For this reason, it only makes sense to change this article and update it to the current situation – i.e. make it easier for foreigners to own property since this brings economic benefits.  The proposal for change passed by the Chamber of Deputies on Tuesday by a considerable majority of  356 to 119.
Next Step – The Senate
As many Mexican news sources have pointed out, and as I mentioned on Tuesday, the next step is for the bill to be reviewed and voted on by the Mexican Senate.
From what I understand, there is a possibility that the Senate will make changes and return the bill could to the Chamber of Deputies, although such a second review will not necessarily take long.
Take a look at this flow chart which shows the required steps for Constitutional reform in Mexico:
(“Dictamen” means “bill.” The graphic shows that there could be as many as 11 stages. Â Currently this bill is in the third. From what I understand, It is entirely possible that 4,5 and 6 could be bypassed if the Senate approves the current version.)
Final Steps – State Approval
As the flow chart shows, and as has been pointed out in several U.S. media sources, such as Washington Post, since this bill is proposing a modification (or “reform” as Mexicans say) to the Constitution, after receiving approval of the Senate, it must also  be approved by the legislatures of the majority of the states.
The state process is simpler with only one legislative house (the state deputies, or “regidores” as they’re called.) Â In this case they will simply vote to approve or disapprove, without the possibility of changes.
There are 31 states and the Federal District, which means it would need the approval of 16 state legislatures.
Summary
So, to summarize:
Chamber of Deputies approval – passed!
Senate approval – pending but very promising
Possible changes and return to Deputies – pending
Approval of 16 state legislatures – pending
Tomorrow I will share some opinions (including my own) about whether this will be quick, slow or simply stall.
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Thomas Lloyd graduated from Purdue University Krannert School of Management with a degree in Management/Financial Option Investments. He has been living, investing, and working professionally in Mexico for over 16 years. In the summer of 2009, he received the first federally applied Mexico Real Estate Degree and Mexico Professional Real Estate License S.E.P. #5978657. He is the president of Top Mexico Real Estate. Contact him at (512) 879-6546.
The TOP Mexico Real Estate Network; “Mexico’s Leading Network of Specialists for Finding and Purchasing Mexican Properties Safely!â€
Ayer compartÃamos con ustedes la noticia de la posible reforma al artÃculo 27 de la constitución mexicana que permitirÃa a los ciudadanos extranjeros comprar propiedades en México en las áreas costeras del paÃs (playas), algo que hasta hoy se encuentra prohibido por el acta firmada en el año de 1917, como medida precautoria ante una posible invasión extranjera. Una ley que claramente ha quedado obsoleta.
Si bien es cierto que en la teorÃa la compra de bienes inmuebles en las playas del paÃs está prohibida para personas extranjeras, en la práctica esto es mentira. A través de maniobras legales se puede poseer propiedades a través de los denominados “fideicomisos”, que no son más que contratos legales entre instituciones financieras (bancos) con los propietarios, esto es, el banco retiene el tÃtulo de la propiedad por el extranjero y este a su vez, mantiene los derechos totales sobre ese fideicomiso.
¿Qué es lo que se propone con esta reforma?
Con esta reforma al artÃculo 27 lo que se pretende es regularizar el uso de estos “fideicomisos”, que en general, no benefician a nadie más que a los mismos bancos. De esta forma los extranjeros que busquen invertir en los bienes raÃces en México tendrán mayor certeza legal, podrán realizar los trámites mucho más rápido, y sobretodo, podrán ahorrarse una gran cantidad de dinero para poder hacerlo. La idea es sencilla, simplificar el proceso de compra-venta en el sector inmobiliario turÃstico. Algo que ayudará a darle el pequeño impulso que necesitaba.
¿Qué sigue?
Bien, la ley ya ha sido aprobada por la cámara de diputados, con 356 votos a favor y 119 en contra, y ahora pasará al senado para su revisión y posterior aprobación o rechazo. De ser aprobada tendrá que ser sometida a votación en los congresos estatales, dado que es una “reforma a la constitución”, y deberá ser aceptada por la mitad más uno de los congresos. En este caso se requieren que por lo menos 16 estados la aprueben.
Optimismo frente a la ley.
Dado que la ley está siendo impulsada y promovida por los partidos Revolucionario Institucional y Acción Nacional (PRI y PAN) la ley tiene grandes posibilidades de ser aprobada en las próximas semanas. Siendo ambos partidos mayorÃa en ambas legislaturas (cámara de diputados y senadores) asà como en 28 de los 32 estados, las posibilidades de que esta reforma sea aprobada son grandes. Habrá que esperar sin embargo, a la resolución final del senado. Esto es, esperar a ver si hacen correcciones o adiciones a la ley para su devolución a la cámara baja. Mientras estaremos al pendiente de lo que pueda suceder.
Recordemos que esta ley beneficiará tanto a desarrolladores como vendedores particulares en las zonas costeras del paÃs, pues su mercado está enfocado en gran medida a los agentes internacionales.
www.topmexicorealestate.com la empresa lÃder en bienes raÃces en México.
Ann, Jacob is right. There will be no problem continuing to own by means of a Bank Trust. In fact, there are some great benefits such as easy inheritance, so for some people this may be the preferred choice anyway.
As for Jacob’s other questions, to change to direct ownership, it would basically be the Bank Trust “selling” the property to the owner! The costs will include all of the normal closing costs. So, a close study of these closing expenses vs. the annual bank trust fees would need to be evaluated. Each owner would have to evaluate whether it’s best to stay with a bank trust or move to direct ownership.
If things advance with this, I’ll write a post giving more details
– Thomas Lloyd
Ann,
That’s a good question. From what I understand, the Fideicomisos will still be a possible choice – i.e. people can still choose to use them voluntarily, as is currently the case in central Mexico. They will still be obligatory for non-residential ownership (i.e. commercial, agricultural). So, I don’t think there will be a problem for people to simply carry on owning by means of a bank trust.
My question is, will they be able to move to direct ownership if they choose? What would be the process and how much would that cost? I’ll have to send these questions to Tom – perhaps he can do another post on the topic.
Several real estate experts also believe that it could take a while to get through all these steps, so we might not have to deal with this question very soon. On the other hand, some people think it will be quick, and any case it’s probably good to know ahead of time.
Jacob
Editor for Top Mexico
If this passes, I wonder what will happen to all of the existing fideocomiso’s?